RFM95W/SX1276 LoRa Module

RFM95W/SX1276 LoRa module

src: https://www.makerfabs.com/sx1276-lora-module-915mhz-rfm95.html

The RFM95W and SX1276 are both LoRa wireless transceiver modules that operate in the 868MHz to 915MHz frequency range. They are designed for low-power, long-range wireless communication applications, such as Internet of Things (IoT) devices, remote sensors, and wireless networks.

Here are some key features and specifications of these modules:

RFM95W: The RFM95W is a LoRa module from HopeRF that uses the SX1276 chip. It has a frequency range of 868MHz to 915MHz, a maximum output power of 20dBm, and a maximum data rate of 300kbps. It supports LoRaWAN, FSK, GFSK, and OOK modulation schemes, and can operate with a supply voltage of 1.8V to 3.7V.


SX1276: The SX1276 is a LoRa transceiver chip from Semtech that is used in the RFM95W module. It has a frequency range of 137MHz to 1020MHz, a maximum output power of 15dBm, and a maximum data rate of 300kbps. It supports LoRaWAN, FSK, GFSK, and OOK modulation schemes, and can operate with a supply voltage of 1.8V to 3.7V.

Both the RFM95W and SX1276 offer excellent sensitivity and range performance, making them ideal for applications where low power consumption and long range are important. They also offer flexible modulation and communication options, allowing them to be easily integrated into a wide range of wireless communication systems.


NSS: This pin is used to enable or disable the SPI communication between the SX1276 module and the microcontroller. It is an input to the module and is controlled by the microcontroller.

DIO0, DIO1, DIO2, DIO3: These pins are used to indicate various events or interrupt signals from the module to the microcontroller. The specific function of each pin can be configured by the user through software. For example, DIO0 is often used to indicate the end of a packet transmission or reception, while DIO1 may be used to indicate the detection of a preamble signal.

RESET: This pin is used to reset the SX1276 module to its initial state. It is an input to the module and is controlled by the microcontroller.

DIO4, DIO5: These pins can be used for various purposes, such as providing additional interrupt signals or controlling external devices.

MISO, MOSI, SCK: These pins are used for SPI communication between the SX1276 module and the microcontroller. MISO is the master input/slave output pin, MOSI is the master output/slave input pin, and SCK is the serial clock pin.

GND, VCC: These pins are used to connect the SX1276 module to the power supply and ground of the microcontroller.

Overall, the IO pins of the SX1276 module provide a way for the module to communicate with the microcontroller and for the microcontroller to configure and control the behavior of the module. The specific function of each pin can be configured through software based on the requirements of the application.

Tap Chart - Metric Threads & Counterbore Holes Dimensions (metric) for Metric Socket Head Cap Screws

Tap Chart - Metric Threads & Counterbore Holes Dimensions (metric) for Metric Socket Head Cap Screws
Screw Diameter	Tap Size	Drill Size	Counterbore Diameter	Counterbore Depth	Countersink Diameter	Clearance Diameter (Normal Fit)	Clearance Diameter (Close Fit)	Bolt Torque- Nm
								Dry	Lubed
M2	M2 X 0.4	1.6 mm	4.4 mm	2 mm	2.6 mm	2.4 mm	2.2 mm
M3	M3 X 0.5	2.5 mm	6.5 mm	3 mm	3.6 mm	3.7 mm	3.4 mm
M4	M4 X 0.7	3.3 mm	8.25 mm	4 mm	4.7 mm	4.8 mm	4.4 mm
M5	M5 X 0.8	4.2 mm	9.75 mm	5 mm	5.7 mm	5.8 mm	5.4 mm	10.3	7.7
M6	M6 X 1	5 mm	11.2 mm	6 mm	6.8 mm	6.8 mm	6.4 mm	17.6	13.1
M8	M8 X 1.25	6.8 mm	14.5 mm	8 mm	9.2 mm	8.8 mm	8.4 mm	42.6	32.1
M10	M10 X 1.5	8.5 mm	17.5 mm	10 mm	11.2 mm	10.8 mm	10.5 mm	84	64
M12	M12 X 1.75	10.2 mm	19.5 mm	12 mm	14.2 mm	13 mm	12.5 mm	146	110
M14	M14 X 2	12 mm	22.5 mm	14 mm	16.2 mm	15 mm	14.5 mm	235	176
M16	M16 X 2	14 mm	25.5 mm	16 mm	18.2 mm	17 mm	16.5 mm	365	274
M20	M20 X 2.5	17.5 mm	31.5 mm	20 mm	22.4 mm	21 mm	20.5 mm	712	534
M24	M24 X 3	37.5 mm	37.5 mm	24 mm	26.4 mm	25 mm	24.5 mm	1231	923

Arduino Wire.requestFrom() Description & Explanation

I will talk about the "Wire.requestFrom()" from the Arduino Wire library for AVR microcontrollers (for example the Arduino Uno).

The Wire.requestFrom() is only called by an Arduino which is the Master on the I2C bus. The Wire.requestFrom() does a complete I2C transaction, with START, STOP, reading databytes, everything.

• First it sends a START
• Then it puts the I2C address on the bus with the "read" bit in the lowest bit.
• It checks the acknowledge from the Slave, if there is a acknowledge, then continue with reading data bytes.
• It reads a byte and give an acknowledge to the Slave for the next byte. It puts the read byte in a buffer (inside the Wire library).
• After the last byte is read, it does not send a acknowledge. Sending "no acknowledge" is the same as a NACK.
• It sends a STOP.

That's it. After calling the Wire.requestFrom(), the read data is in a buffer inside the Wire library. The activity on the I2C bus has finished.

You can read those bytes from that buffer with Wire.read(), and Wire.available() tells how many bytes are still in that buffer.

The Arduino reference about the Wire library caused a lot of confusion in the past, so I made an alternative explanation.

Is this enough detail, or do you want to know about that the Wire library is interrupt-driven, but the Wire.requestFrom() is still blocking ?

Pengertian Bulldozer Komatsu

Bulldozer merupakan sebuah tractor rantai (crawler tractor) yang berfungsi untuk melakukan pekerjaan menggali, menggusur, mendorong tanah atau material, menarik beban dan ripping. Unit ini dapat beroperasi dilingkungan berbatu, berbukit, maupun tanah lumpur. Lingkungan kerja dari unit ini adalah di lingkungan pertambangan (mining), konstruksi (construction), logging, forestry dan perkebunan.

Product Line
Secara garis besar Bulldozer Komatsu terbagi kedalam 4 tipe, yaitu : Bulldozer,
Swamp bulldozer, Dozer Shovel, dan Pipelayers